Fatwa
From Islamic law
Religious and customary law
What it means
A reasoned opinion on a question of Islamic law, given by a qualified scholar (a mufti). It answers a question put to the scholar.
Why it travels badly
In English, 'fatwa' is often read as a decree or even a death sentence. In fact a fatwa is advice. It is not a court judgment, and it binds nobody unless the person asking chooses to follow it, or a state decides to give it effect.
How other systems say it
Dar al-Iftaa and the Grand Mufti
Official bodies that give opinions. Criminal courts must consult the Grand Mufti before imposing a death sentence, though the court is not bound by the answer.
fatwa with no legal force
The Supreme Court has held that a fatwa has no legal sanction of its own, in Vishwa Lochan Madan v Union of India (2014).
Common law
advisory opinion
The nearest comparison is a legal opinion or an advisory opinion, which does not bind unless a law gives it effect.
Tip for translators and students
Translate 'fatwa' as 'a legal opinion issued by an Islamic scholar'. Do not use 'decree' or 'ruling'.
Related: Sharia and fiqh, Waqf
Updated October 2026. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.
TheLawToKnow Tools’s glossary is an educational overview of the main differences between legal systems. It is not legal advice.
