Dual citizenship in Estonia

Estonia does not allow its citizens to hold another nationality, or ends the nationality of a citizen who takes one; a foreigner who naturalises has to give up the old one; the ordinary route takes about 8 years of residence.

Updated October 2026. Spotted a mistake? Tell us.

Read this first. These are the general rules for the ordinary routes, not your case. Nationality law has many special routes (birth, descent, marriage, refugees, investment) and exceptions, and details change, so check the current law and ask the country's nationality authority. This is general information, not legal advice.

May citizens hold two?

Not allowed, or lost on taking another.

Must new citizens give up the old one?

Yes

Required. The country you came from also has its own rule about losing its nationality, so check that too.

Years to naturalise

8 years

Eight years of residence, including permanent residence.

Worth knowing in Estonia

Estonian law does not allow a person who holds Estonian citizenship by naturalisation to hold another. An Estonian citizen by birth cannot be deprived of it.

Before you apply anywhere

Two countries, two sets of rules. Each country decides for itself who its citizens are. One country can allow dual nationality while the other takes its own nationality away, so check the rule of BOTH countries before you naturalise or apply for a second passport.
A country may treat you only as its own citizen. Many countries do not recognise your other nationality inside their borders. You may have to enter and leave with that country's passport, and its authorities may refuse consular help from your other country.
Duties can follow you. Military service, tax filings and voting duties can apply to each nationality. The United States, for example, taxes its citizens on worldwide income wherever they live.
Renouncing is permanent, and not always accepted. A formal renunciation may be hard to reverse. Some countries do not allow their citizens to renounce, so the paperwork may achieve nothing.
Ask the authority, not only a website. Nationality law has many exceptions for birth, descent and marriage, and details change. Confirm with the country's nationality authority or a lawyer there before you act.

Take it further

Country Legal Pack: Estonia$5
Inheritance, marriage, children, property and arrest rules in one PDF, with questions for a lawyer.
Immigration Law course$15
Status, visas, work authorisation and removal.
General Power of Attorney template$5
Let someone you trust act for you when you cannot.
Child Travel Consent Form template$5
Permission for a child to travel with one parent or another adult.

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More about Estonia

Sources

For the exact rule and its text, use Estonia’s own nationality law and its nationality or immigration authority, which are the authority.

TheLawToKnow Tools’s dual citizenship guide is an educational overview of general rules. It is not legal advice, and it does not replace the country’s own law or a lawyer in the country. Report a mistake.